工艺与制造英文2024被引 5
热塑性基体与非共价富勒烯增强纳米复合材料——结构多样性、物理性能与应用潜力
Nanocomposites of thermoplastic matrices with non-covalent fullerene reinforcement—Structural diversity, physical impact and potential
Ayesha Kausar, Ishaq Ahmad · NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
摘要整理
富勒烯作为重要的纳米碳填料已被广泛应用于增强聚合物性能。热塑性聚合物作为大类高分子材料,富勒烯主要通过非共价方式作为其增强剂。本综述总结了富勒烯纳米添加剂增强热塑性聚合物纳米复合材料的最新研究进展,重点关注不涉及共价相互作用的体系。热塑性聚合物/富勒烯纳米复合材料中基体与纳米填料间存在范德华力、静电相互作用、氢键和芳香堆积等非共价或物理相互作用。聚酰胺、聚氨酯和嵌段共聚物等多种热塑性聚合物已通过非共价方式与富勒烯分子复合,获得了具有改善微观结构、电学、力学、热学等性能的高性能纳米复合材料。热塑性聚合物/富勒烯纳米材料的热学、力学和电学性能增强程度取决于纳米填料含量、取向、界面效应和加工工艺。聚酰胺/富勒烯体系可将玻璃转化温度提升至260°C,同时保持优异的力学性能;聚氨酯/富勒烯体系的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别达到90 MPa和48 GPa;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/富勒烯体系的热分解温度达501~633°C,电导率为1.3 S·cm⁻¹。富勒烯与石墨烯协同复合(协同效应)可显著提高聚苯乙烯和嵌段共聚物体系的电导率至1.8~2.5 S·cm⁻¹。非共价增强基体中富勒烯纳米粒子的均匀分散至关重要,纳米粒子聚集会影响加工性和最终复合材料性能。非共价链接的热塑性聚合物/富勒烯体系展现了从能源/电子器件到工程和生物医学领域的应用潜力。本综述为研究人员开发用于未来技术应用的非共价聚合物/富勒烯纳米材料提供了有益指导。
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