工艺与制造英文2024被引 4
压裂支撑剂性能提升:方法与评估
Enhancing Fracturing Proppant Performance: Methods and Assessment
Vahid Ramazanov, Stewart Matovu, Talal Al Shafloot, Sulaiman A. Alarifi · King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
摘要整理
压裂支撑剂是油气行业水力压裂作业的关键要素。选择性能优异的支撑剂对确保水力压裂的高效进行至关重要。支撑剂技术发展迅速,因此需要标准化支撑剂评估体系以确保生产过程中的准确评价。虽然API和ISO已发布多项推荐规范,但仍存在显著缺陷,主要原因是支撑剂嵌入、成岩作用及其对支撑剂导流能力的影响等关键假设仍未完全阐明。石油工业已开发出多种支撑剂,具有不同的成分、粒径、形状和用途。传统支撑剂主要采用石英砂或陶瓷材料,但超轻质支撑剂等先进类型日益受关注,可最小化沉降并实现低粘度流体运输。混合完井中常采用按设计目标混配不同粒径支撑剂以降低成本,混配方式包括等量混合、尾部注入或特定粒径主导浓度混合。表面改性通过改变支撑剂表面性质来改善其与裂缝面的粘附性,减少嵌入和细粉产生,主要技术包括硅烷处理、等离子体处理和化学处理,可长期维持油流通道。支撑剂回流、细粉产生和胶液降解是导致支撑剂堆积体渗透率下降的关键因素。表面改性可提高支撑剂堆积体导流能力,加快井筒清洁。本综述全面阐述了支撑剂类型、性能评估方法及性能提升技术。重点讨论了抗压强度、导流能力、嵌入性和闭合应力等评估技术,强调了根据地层性质和支撑剂特性选择最适宜支撑剂的重要性。同时探讨了涂层、烧结、表面改性和固结等最新增强方法及其有效性,为支撑剂性能优化提供了行业实践指导和未来研究方向。
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