工艺与制造英文2025
碳纳米洋葱在热塑性和生物可降解热塑性纳米复合材料中的应用前景——现状与未来展望
The promise of carbon nano-onions for thermoplastic and biodegradable thermoplastic nanocomposites—status quo and future vision
Ayesha Kausar · National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
摘要整理
碳纳米洋葱作为一类重要的碳质纳米材料,近年来引起了广泛的科学关注。本综述系统阐述了热塑性聚合物/碳纳米洋葱杂化材料的最新研究进展。碳纳米洋葱及其改性形式已被引入多种热塑性基体中,成功制备了聚乙烯/碳纳米洋葱、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/碳纳米洋葱、聚丙烯腈/碳纳米洋葱、聚酰胺/碳纳米洋葱、聚苯乙烯/碳纳米洋葱等多功能纳米复合材料。同时,在生物可降解热塑性聚合物领域,已开发出聚乙烯醇/碳纳米洋葱、聚乳酸/碳纳米洋葱、壳聚糖/碳纳米洋葱等系列材料。所得纳米复合材料表现出显著的微观结构特征、优异的电导率、机械强度、热稳定性、生态可持续性及其他重要物理性能。根据具体应用需求,碳纳米洋葱基纳米材料在多个工业领域展现出应用潜力。当前,热塑性聚合物/碳纳米洋葱纳米材料在电磁干扰屏蔽、可持续水净化、生物医学应用(药物递送、生物植入物)等领域表现出良好前景,相关科学研究持续深入。本综述详细介绍了碳纳米洋葱填充纳米复合材料的设计多样性、合成路线、相容性等方面,并简要阐述了其实际应用中面临的主要挑战。
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